![Image de la carte du pays](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-975/pologne_small.jpg)
Geography
Area : 312,679 km²
Borders : 3,071 km (Belarus 418 km, Czech Republic 796 km, Germany 467 km, Lithuania 104 km, Russia (Kaliningrad Oblast) 210 km, Slovakia 541 km, Ukraine 535 km) Coastline: 440 km (Baltic Sea)
Coastline : 440 km (Baltic Sea)
Capital : Warsaw
Official language : Polish
Source : The CIA World Factbook
Flag
![Image Drapeau](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-640/2023-08-18-17-15-39.3918.jpg)
Population
Population : 36,753,736 inhabitants (2023)
Crude natural change rate : -3.9‰ (2022)
Population repartition: men 75.3 years, women 82.9 years (2023 est.)
Crude net migration rate: -0.3‰ (2023 est.)
First time asylum applicants: 5,140 (July 2023)
Life expectancy: men 75.3 years, women 82.9 years (2023 est.)
Religions: Catholic 85%, Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 12.9% (2020 est.)
Ethnic groups: Polish 96.9%, German 0.2%, Silesians 1.1%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7% (2011 est.)
Source : Eurostat, The World Factbook
Economy
Currency: Zloty (PLN) (exchange rate January 2024: 1€ = 4.36 PLN)
GDP: € 750,800.7 million (2023)
GDP per capita (PPS): € 14,600 (2022)
GDP growth : 0.2% (2023)
Inflation: 2.8% (May 2024)
Public debt: 50.5% of GDP (2023)
Unemployment: 3% (May 2024)
Public deficit: 50.5% of GDP (2023)
Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 46% of GDP (2022)
Performance sectors: furniture, automobile industry, shipbuilding, food industry, steel industry
Budget balance: -5% of GDP (2023)
Source : Eurostat, Trading Economics
Political system
Republic, parliamentary democracy (Constitution of 17th October 1997)
Head of State: Andrzej Duda (Law and Justice, PiS), elected on 24th May 2015 by direct universal suffrage (five-year term renewable once) and reelected on 12th July 2020
Prime Minister: Donald Tusk (KO) was elected President of the Council of Ministers by the Sejm on 11th December 2023 and has been in office since 13th December 2023. He leads a coalition government between the Civic Coalition, Third Way and New Left.
Bicameral parliamentary system: The Diet (Sejm) comprises of 460 members who are elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. A threshold of 5% of votes is necessary for a political party (8% for a coalition) to be represented in the Diet; some seats are reserved for representatives of ethnic minorities. The 100 members of the Senate are elected for four years by majority vote; representatives and senators are elected at the same time.
Political representation
Composition of the Siejm (in October 2023):
- 190 seats United Right Coalition (PiS/SP/Porozumienie)
- 157 seats Civic Coalition (KO)
- 63 seats Third Way Coalition (Trzecia Droga)
- 26 seats New Left Coalition (Nowa Lewica)
- 18 seats Freedom and Independence Confederation (Konfederacja)
- 3 seats Kukiz'15
- 1 seat independent
Composition of the Polish Senate (in October 2023):
- 34 seats United Right Coalition (PiS/ SP/Porozumienie)
- 42 seats Civic Coalition (KO)
- 12 seats Third Way Coalition (Trzecia Droga)
- 8 seats New Left Coalition (Nowa Lewica)
- 3 seats Independant
Women's representations
- in the government: 10/26
- in the Sejm: 140/460
- in the Senate: 19/100
Next Elections:
On The Same Theme
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