![Image de la carte du pays](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-975/pays-bas_small.jpg)
Geography
Area : 41.543 km²
Borders : 1,027 km (Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km)
Coastline : 451 km
Capital : Amsterdam
Official language : Dutch
Flag
![Image Drapeau](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-640/2023-08-18-17-15-29.9817.jpg)
Population
Population : 17,811,291 inhabitants (2023)
Crude natural change rate : 0.4‰ (2023)
Population repartition: Population repartition: 16% under 15 years old, 20,9% over 65 years old (2023 est.)
Foreign residents: 3% EU nationals, 3.4% non-EU nationals (2019)
Crude net migration rate: 2‰ (2023 est.)
First time asylum applicants: 39,710 (2023)
Life expectancy: men 80.5 years old, women 83.4 years old (2023)
Religions: None 54.1%, Catholics 20.1%, Protestants 14.8%, Muslims 5% (2019 est.)
Ethnic groups: Dutch 75.4%, EU (excluding Dutch) 6.4%, Turkish 2.4%, Moroccan 2.4%, Surinamese 2.1%, Indonesian 2%, other 9.3% (2021 est.)
Source : Eurostat
Economy
Currency: Euro
GDP: € 1,034,086 million (2023)
GDP per capita (PPS): € 43,420 (2023)
GDP growth : 0.1% (2023)
Inflation: 2.7% (May 2024)
Public debt: 46.5% (Q4 2023)
Unemployment: 3.6% (May 2024)
Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 516.2% of GDP (2022)
Budget balance: -0.6% of GDP (Q4 2023)
Source : Eurostat, OECD, BNP Paribas
Political system
Constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy
Head of State: King Willem-Alexander since 30th April 2013; he presides over the Council of State.
Head of Government: Dick Schoof (unaffiliated) was appointed Prime Minister on May 28th 2024. He took office on July 2nd 2024 and leads a PVV, VVD, NSC and BBB.
Bicameral parliamentary system comprises: The Eerste Kamer (Senate), of which 75 members are elected for four years by members of the provincial assemblies; And the Tweede Kamer (Second Chamber of the States-General) of which 150 members are elected for four years by direct universal suffrage.
Political representation
Composition of the Tweede Kamer (in November 2023):
- 37 seats PVV (Party for Freedom)
- 25 seats GL-PvdA (Green Left-Worker's Party)
- 24 seats VVD (People's Party for freedom and democracy)
- 20 seats NSC (New Social Contract)
- 9 seats D66 (Democrats 66)
- 7 seats Farmer-Citizen Movement (BBB)
- 5 seats CDA (Christian Democratic Appeal)
- 5 seats SP (Socialist Party)
- 3 seats Denk
- 3 seats CU (Christian Union)
- 3 seats Forum for Democracy (FvD)
- 3 seats SGP (Reformed Political Party)
- 3 seats PvdD (Party for Animals)
- 2 seats Volt
- 1 seat JA21
Composition of the Eerste Kamer (on 1st June 2021):
- 12 seats VVD (People's Party for Freedom and democracy)
- 3 seats FVD (Forum for Democracy)
- 9 seats CDA (Christian Democratic Appeal)
- 8 seats GroenLinks (GreenLeft)
- 7 seats Nanninga Group
- 7 seats D66 (Democrats 66)
- 6 seats PvdA (Labour Party)
- 5 seats PVV (Party for Freedom)
- 4 seats SP (The Socialist Party)
- 4 seats ChristenUnie (ChristianUnion)
- 3 seats PvdD (Party for the Animals)
- 2 seats 50PLUS (50PLUS)
- 2 seats SGP (Reformed Political Party)
- 2 seats Otten Group
- 1 seat OSF (Independent Senate Group)
Women's representations
- In the government: 7/16
- Tweede Kamer: 61/150
- Eerste Kamer: 30/75
Next Elections:
On The Same Theme
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