Country Sheet : France

Information file

Last Update on 15th December 2024

FRANCE

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In English - version of 15th December 2024

Geography

Area : 547,030 km² (Metropolitan France); 643,427 km² (with overseas regions)

Borders : 2,889 km (Andorra 56.6 km, Belgium 620 km, Germany 451 km, Italy 488 km, Luxembourg 73 km, Monaco 4.4 km, Spain 623 km, Switzerland 573 km)

Coastline : 3,427 km (Metropolitan France); 4,668 km (with overseas regions)

Capital : Paris

Official language : French

Flag

Population

Population : 68,373,433 (2024)

Crude natural change rate : 0.7‰ (2023)

Population repartition: 17.3% under 15 years old (2023), 21,2% over 65 years old (2023)

Foreign residents: 2.2% EU nationals, 5.1% non-EU nationals (2019)

Crude net migration rate: 2.7‰ (2023)

First time asylum applicants: 166,880 (2023)

Life expectancy: men 80.1 years, women 85.9 years (2023)

Religions: None 53%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 10%, other Christians 9%, Buddhist 0.5%, Jewish 0.5% (2023 est.)

Ethnic groups: Celtic, Latin and Basque, with German, Slavic, Arabic, African and Asian minorities

Source : Eurostat, INSEE, CIA World Factbook

Economy

Currency: Euro

GDP: € 2,822,455 million (2023)

GDP per capita (PPS): € 33,750 (2023)

GDP growth : 0.9% (2023)

Inflation: 2.2% (August 2024)

Public debt: 112% of GDP (Q2 2024)

Unemployment: 7.5% (July 2024)

Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 33% of GDP (2023)

Budget balance: -5.5% of GDP (2023)

Source : Eurostat, INSEE

Political system

Republic, parliamentary democracy

Head of State: Emmanuel Macron (Ensemble pour la République) was re-elected on 24th April 2022 for a second 5-year term.

Head of Government: François Bayrou (MoDem, Democratic Movement) since 13th December 2024.

Bicameral legislative power: The Assemblée nationale (House of Representatives) numbers 577 representatives, elected for a term of five years by direct universal suffrage The Sénat (Senate) comprises 348 senators who are elected for six years by indirect universal suffrage by a college made up of approximately 150,000 people. Every three years, half of the seats are up for re-election.

Political representation

Composition of the Assemblée nationale (after the general elections in July 2024):

125 seats National Rally (RN)
94 seats Ensemble pour la République
71 seats La France Insoumise (LFI)
66 seats Socialists and affiliated
46 seats The Republican Right
38 seats Écologiste et Social
36 seats The Democratic, MoDem and Independents group
33 seats Horizons and affiliated
23 seats Liberties, Independents, Overseas and Territories (LIOT)
17 seats Gauche Démocrate et Républicaine
16 seats Right-wing union for the Republic (UDR)
8 non affiliated

Composition of the Senate (in September 2023):

130 seats Les Républicains (LR)
64 seats Socialist Party (PS)
60 seats Centrist Union group (UC)
20 seats Rally of Democrats, Progressive and Independent group (RDPI)
19 seats The Independents – Republic and Territories group (LIRT)
18 seats Communist, Republican, Citizen and Ecologist group (CRCE)
16 seats Ecologist group (EST)
16 seats European Democratic and Social Rally group (RDSE)
4 seats Administrative meeting of senators not appearing on the list of any group