Geography
Area : 100,910 km²
Borders : 1,808 km (Greece: 494 km, Macedonia: 148 km, Romania: 608 km, Serbia: 318 km, Turkey: 240 km)
Coastline : 354 km (Black Sea)
Capital : Sofia
Official language : Bulgarian
Flag
Population
Population : 6,437,360 inhabitants (2025 est.)
Crude natural change rate : -7,3‰ (2024)
Population repartition: 14% of the total population < 15y , 23.9% of the total population > 65y (2025)
Foreign residents: EU nationals 0.4%, non-EU nationals 1.4% (2024)
Crude net migration rate: 6,1‰ (2024 est.)
First time asylum applicants: 3,895 (2025)
Life expectancy: men 72,2 years, women 79,5 years (2025)
Religions: Orthodox Christian 64.7%, Muslim 9.8%, other 0.1%, none 3.7%, unspecified 20.7% (2021 est.)
Source : Eurostat, The World Factbook, ECB
Economy
Currency: Euro
GDP: € 116 billion (2025)
GDP per capita (PPS): € 29 929 (2025)
GDP growth : 3% (2025)
Inflation: 3.3% (February 2026)
Public debt: 25,55% of GDP (2025)
Unemployment: 5.2% (December 2025)
Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 55,6% of GDP (2024)
Performance sectors: food industry, tourism, petrochemistry
Budget balance: -2.9% of GDP (2025)
Source : Eurostat, European Commission, Bulgarian National Bank
Political system
Parliamentary Republic (Constitution of 12th July 1991):
Head of State: Iliana Iotova (Bulgarian Socialist Party), former vice-president under Rumen Radev, took office on 23 January 2026 following his resignation in December 2025. She is the first woman in the country’s history to hold this position.
Prime Minister: Andrei Gurov, former deputy governor of the National Bank of Bulgaria, was appointed Prime Minister on 19 February 2026. He is leading a caretaker government, pending the general election on 19 April 2026.
Monocameral parliamentary system: The National Assembly comprises 240 seats. The deputies are elected for four years by direct universal suffrage according to proportional representation. A threshold of 4% of votes must be reached in order for a political party to be represented in Parliament
Political representation
Current composition of the National Assembly following the 9th June 2024 elections:
- 69 seats Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria (GERB)
- 63 seats coalition PP-DB
- 36 seats Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS)
- 34 seats Revival (V)
- 23 seats coalition for Bulgaria (BSPzB)
- 11 seats there is such a people (ITN)
- 4 seats Indépendants
Women's representations
- in government: 5/20
- in the National Assembly: 60/240
Next Elections:
On The Same Theme
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