![Image de la carte du pays](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-975/lettonie_small.jpg)
Geography
Area : 64,589 km²
Borders : 1,348 km: Belarus (141 km), Estonia (343 km), Lithuania (588 km), Russia (276 km)
Coastline : 498 km
Capital : Riga
Official language : Latvian
Flag
![Image Drapeau](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-640/2023-08-18-17-12-47.7339.jpg)
Population
Population : 1,821,750 inhabitants (2023)
Crude natural change rate : -7.9‰ (2022)
Population repartition: 14.9% under 15 years old, 21.7% over 65 years old (2023 est.)
Foreign residents: 0% EU nationals, 13% extra-EU nationals (2021)
Crude net migration rate: -5.1‰ (2023 est.)
First time asylum applicants: 620 (2022)
Life expectancy: men 71.8 years, women 80.8 years (2023 est.)
Ethnic groups: Latvian 62.7%, Russian 24.5%, Belarusian 3.1%, Ukrainian 2.2%, Polish 2%, Lithuanian 1.1%, other 1.8%, non specified 2.6% (est. 2021)
Source : Eurostat, The World Factbook
Economy
Currency: Euro (since January 1st 2014)
GDP: € 40,348 million (2023)
GDP per capita (PPS): €13,220 (2023)
GDP growth : -0.3% (2023)
Inflation: 0% (May 2024)
Public debt: 40.8% of GDP (December 2022)
Unemployment: 6.9% (May 2024)
Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 60.7% of GDP (2022)
Budget balance: -1.4% of GDP (Q3 2023)
Source : Eurostat, Trading Economics, World Bank
Political system
Republic, parliamentary democracy (Constitution of August 21st 1991) since it regained its independence - Latvia was annexed by the USSR in 1944.
Head of state: Egils Levits has been President of the Republic since 8th July . On 31st May 2023, Edgars Rinkevics was elected President of the Republic by the deputies of the Saeima. He took his function on July 8th 2023.
Prime minister: Evika Siliņa (New Unity) since September 15th 2023. She leads a coalition government of three parties: New Unity (JV), Progressives (P) and the Union of Greens and Farmers (ZZS).
Unicameral parliamentary system: The Saeima (the Parliament) comrises 100 seats. Representatives are elected for a 4-year mandate through direct universal suffrage by proportional representation (threshold of 5%).
Political representation
Composition of the Saiema (after the general elections of 1st October 2022):
- 25 seats New Unity (JV)
- 16 seats Green and Farmers Union (ZZS)
- 14 seats United List (AS)
- 12 seats National Alliance (AN)
- 10 seats For Stability (S !)
- 9 seats The Progressives (P)
- 8 seats Latvia First (LPV)
- 6 seats Non-affiliated members
Women's representations
- in the government: 6/15
- in the parliament: 31/100
Next Elections:
On The Same Theme
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