Country Sheet : Lithuania

Information file

Last Update on 15th December 2024

LITHUANIA

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In English - version of 15th December 2024

Geography

Area : 65,300 km²

Borders : 1,574 km; Belarus 680 km, Latvia 576 km, Poland 91 km, Russia (Kaliningrad) 227 km

Coastline : 90 km

Capital : Vilnius

Official language : Lithuanian

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Population

Population : 2,655,755 (est. 2023)

Crude natural change rate : -5,7 ‰ (2023)

Population repartition: 14.9% under-15 years, 20.0% over 65 years (2023)

Foreign residents: 0% % EU nationals, 3% non-EU nationals (2021)

Crude net migration rate: 15.7 ‰ (2023)

First time asylum applicants: 575 (2023)

Life expectancy: men 72.5 years, women 81.7 years (est. 2023)

Religions: Catholics 74.2%, Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believers Orthodox 0.6%, Evangelical Lutherans 0.6%, Evangelical Reformers 0.2%, others 0.9%, non-believers 6.1%, unspecified

Ethnic groups: Lithuanians 84.6%, Poles 6.5%, Russians 5%; Belarusians 1%, others 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (est. 2021)

Source : Eurostat, The CIA World Factbook

Economy

Currency: Euro

GDP: € 73,792.8 million (2023

GDP per capita (PPS): €15,330 (2023)

GDP growth : 0.3% (2023)

Inflation: 0.4% (September 2024)

Public debt: 37.4% (Q2,2024)

Unemployment: 8.7% (September 2024)

Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 44,3% (2022)

Budget balance: -2.5% of GDP (2024)

Source : Eurostat, Trading Economics, World Bank

Political system

Republic, parliamentary democracy (Constitution of October 25th 1992)

Head of State: Gitanas Nauseda (independent), elected on May 26th 2019 and reelected on May 26th 2024 for 5 years by direct universal suffrage.

Prime Minister: Gintautas Paluckas of the LSDP (Lithuanian Social Democratic Party), since December 12, 2024. He leads a coalition government with the Niemen Dawn (NA) and the Union of Democrats (DSVL).

Unicameral parliamentary system: The Parliament (Seimas) comprises 141 seats. The representatives are elected for four years. Mixed system: 71 representatives are elected in single constituencies and 70 in a nationwide vote according to a proportional system.

Political representation

Composition of the Parliament (since October 2024):

52 seats LSDP (Lithuanian Social Democratic Party)
28 seats TS-LKD (Homeland Union-Christian Democrats)
20 seats NA (Niemen Dawn, populist)
14 seats DSVL (Union of Democrats ‘For Lithuania’, ecologist)
12 seats LS (Liberal Movement)
8 seats LVŽS (Union of Lithuanian Farmers and Greens, ecologist-conservative)
3 seats LLRA - KŠS (Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania - Alliance of Christian Families)
2 seats independents
1 seats PLT (Freedom and Justice, conservative)
1 seats NS (National Alliance, far right)