![Image de la carte du pays](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-975/estonie_small.jpg)
Geography
Area : 45,228 km²
Borders : 633 km; Latvia 343 km, Russia 290 km
Coastline : 3,794 km (numerous islands)
Capital : Tallinn
Official language : Estonian
Flag
![Image Drapeau](https://server.www.robert-schuman.eu/storage/images/banque/largeur-640/2023-08-18-17-11-17.1163.jpg)
Population
Population : 1,202,762 inhabitants (2023 est.)
Crude natural change rate : -4.2‰ (2022)
Population repartition: 15.6% under 15 years old, 22.2% over 65 years (2023 est.)
Foreign residents: EU nationals 1%, extra-EU nationals 2% (2020)
Crude net migration rate: -2.7‰ (2023 est.)
First time asylum applicants: 2,945 (2022)
Life expectancy: men 73.5 years, women 82.9 years (2023 est.)
Religions: None 54.1%, Orthodox 16.2%, Lutheran 9.9%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, unspecified 16.7%
Ethnic groups: 68.7% Estonians, 24.8% Russians, 1.7% Ukrainians, 1% Belarusians, 0.6% Finns and 1.6% others
Source : Eurostat, The CIA World Factbook
Economy
Currency: Euro
GDP: € 36,181.4 million (2022)
GDP per capita (PPS): € 16,250 (2022)
GDP growth : -0.4% (2023)
Inflation: 4.3% (May 2023)
Public debt: 18.4% (December 2022)
Unemployment: 5.3% (May 2023)
Stock of foreign direct investment from the entire world: 117.8% of GDP (2022)
Budget balance: -2.2% of GDP (2022)
Source : Eurostat, CIA World Factbook, Trading Economics
Political system
Republic, parliamentary democracy (Constitution of June 28th 1992)
Head of State: Alar Karis (independent), elected for a 5-year term on October 11th 2021.
Prime Minister: Kristen Michal, Reform Party (ER), since 23rd July 2024. He leads a government coalition composed of the Reform Party (ER), the Social Democratic Party (SDE) and Estonia 200 (E200).
Unicameral parliamentary system: The Parliament (Riigikogu) comprises 101 seats. Representatives are elected for four years by direct universal suffrage, according to proportional representation.
Political representation
Composition of the Parliament (on 25th April 2023):
- 37 seats ER (Reform Party)
- 11 seats EKRE (Conservative People's Party)
- 6 seats for KESK (Centre Party)
- 8 seats Isamaa (Christian Democratic and Conservative Party)
- 13 E200 seats (Liberal Party)
- 9 seats SDE (Social Democratic Party)
- 17 seats non-affiliated
Women's representations
- in the government: 7/14
- in the Riigikogu: 30/101
Next Elections:
On The Same Theme
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