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In the wake of the subprime crisis, the markets grouped under the acronym ‘PIIGs’ the so-called ‘Club Med’ countries of Southern Europe together with Ireland. Having managed to avoid the property crisis and still enjoying some room for manoeuvre, France managed to look on at a distance and, although it was hit hard by the euro crisis in the years that followed, its credit rating remained strong and its credibility intact.

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   There are wars we did not see coming. The information war being waged against us is one example[1]. The countries of the European Union are now operating in a profoundly transformed political and strategic environment: a war of aggression unfolding on our continent; the explicit challenge to international law based on common rules established in the aftermath of the Second World War; a powerful ally, the United States of America, which appears to be challen...Lire la suite

The question of what the Western Balkans want from the European Union is currently addressed in two different ways[1]. The Western Balkans comprise Serbia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro[2], Kosovo, Northern Macedonia and Albania, six states that have made European integration a major national objective and are therefore at ...Lire la suite

The European Union is facing the most serious security challenges in decades. Russia's war of aggression against Ukraine, instability in the EU's neighbourhood, growing geopolitical rivalry, hybrid threats, cyberattacks, terrorism, organised crime and the erosion of the international rules-based order require a comprehensive and credible European response.

In this context, the strengthening of European defence capabilities is legitimate and necessary. European citizens rightly expect ...Lire la suite