I am particularly happy to be here once more at the University of Tartu[1], which I had the honour of visiting a long time ago, back in 2003. One of the oldest universities in Europe, it plays a significant role in your country and throughout the continent in providing the very highest level of education. I even had earlier the privilege of meeting and having lunch with Lennart Meri, President of the Republic, and I have very fond memories of our conversation. I was par...Lire la suite

Part Two

The first part of this study made a clear diagnosis: central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are redefining geopolitical balances, and Europe, with its digital euro project, is at a historic crossroads. Between China's speed, the hegemony of the dollar and the agility of private stablecoins, the Europe...Lire la suite

Even today, most of our fellow citizens are unaware that the European Union is actively involved in the fight against terrorism, money laundering and drug trafficking, in border protection and in the harmonisation of criminal legislation[1]. This is why a European internal security strategy, ProtectEU published by the Commission on April 1st is importan...Lire la suite

The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina is worrying the international community and especially the Europeans. Milorad Dodik, president of the Serbian entity, is refusing to apply the decisions taken by the High Representative appointed by the international community and is threatening the whole framework established thirty years ago by the Dayton-Paris Agreement. Can you explain the reasons for this discord and what the risks are? 

This year, we commemorate the thirtieth annive...Lire la suite

When the Soviet empire collapsed in the 1990s, the existential threat to our borders became a thing of the past. At the time, we did not realise that this would only be temporary in the grand scheme of history. Taking a deep breath, we entered a period known as the ‘peace dividends’, which led to strategic calm in Europe. This resulted, in our country as in the rest of Europe, in a continuous erosion of defence budgets and, de facto, a reduction in our military c...Lire la suite